This paper offers a critical analysis of Santhali traditional institutions in the context of
globalization, focusing on the transformations affecting family structures, marriage customs,
gender roles and perceptions of sexuality. It examines how global socio-economic forces,
formal education, digital media, and changing political and legal frameworks have
influenced the Santhal community’s cultural values and social organization. The study
highlights the implication of migration and urbanization on religious practices and
communal institutions, drawing on field based case studies to illustrate how specific Santhali
villages and communities are negotiating are negotiating the pressures of globalization
while striving to preserve their cultural identity. Particular attention has been given to the
role of traditions and folklore in maintaining social cohesion and cultural continuity. The
analysis interrogates the tensions between cultural preservation and commercialization, and
explores the religious socio-economic transformations occurring within the community. The
paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy initiatives aimed at
supporting cultural resilience and sustainable adaptation among Santhals in a rapidly
globalizing world.

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Debate about path dependence on emergence and persistence of urban centres has attracted
parallel views. The emergence of urbanisation equilibrium in the lake region can be explained by
locational fundamentals (their proximity to Lake Victoria) and increasing returns. However, the
persistence of these urban centres is due to path dependence. The decline of lake transport in the
post-colonial East Africa resulted to the collapse of many port activities across the Lake.
However, a number of Kenyan port towns including Karungu (Sori), Kisumu, Homa Bay and
Kendu Bay have persisted and even expanded despite this economic shift. Employing path
dependence theory, this paper explains their resilience, arguing that both colonial and post-
colonial administrative frameworks and socio-economic networks created self-reinforcing
mechanisms that sustained these towns long after their original economic importance faded.
Drawing on field research, archival sources and secondary literature, the study demonstrates how
initial conditions, institutional lock-ins, and adaptive strategies contributed to the continued
expansion of these urban centers. The findings show the enduring influence of historical
pathways on contemporary urban development and suggest policy implications for leveraging
these historical trajectories for sustainable growth.

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This study conducts a cross-national comparative analysis of the evaluation systems for private universities in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Jordan, Norway, Russia, South Africa, and the United States. The research finds that although there are differences in the evaluation systems of private universities across nations, they exhibit significant commonalities at the national regulatory level. All countries take the legality of school establishment through legislation and higher education quality assurance as fundamental starting points, aligning the accreditation and evaluation standards for private higher education institutions with those of public institutions. Simultaneously, the study reveals the distinctiveness of private university evaluation systems from the perspective of third-party assessments, systematically examining the notable characteristics of quality assurance mechanisms and third-party evaluation approaches in these countries’ private higher education sectors. 

The post A Comparative Review of Evaluation Systems for Private Higher Education in Nine Countries appeared first on Boston Research Journals.

2020年新高考实施以来，语言文字运用部分在试题中的难度不断增加，导致学生得分极为困难。因此，本文通过文献法、数据统计法以及比较研究法，从多个方面对2020-2024年的新高考全国卷进行研究。发现其命题探索阶段化；命题考点情境化；考察能力综合化的特征。最终预测2025年高考语言文字运用试题和提出高分策略，助力学生成绩的提升。

The post Research on Language and Text Questions in the New Gaokao and High-Scoring Strategies—Taking the National Papers of the New Gaokao from 2020 to 2024 as an Example appeared first on Boston Research Journals.