Abstract
This study compared the KORR CardioCoach Pro metabolic system to the COSMED clinical-research system during submaximal steady-state exercise and maximal aerobic capacity. Eighteen adults (50.3 ± 11.9 yrs old, 78.6 ± 10.6 kg, 25.6 ± 8.0 % body fat, and cardiovascular fitness rank equaled 83rd percentile) completed the validation phase while nine subjects were randomly assigned to the test-retest phase. Metabolic data was collected simultaneously with both systems. VO2 max (mls • kg • min-1) was not significantly different between systems (COSMED = 40.3 ± 5.7; KORR = 41.5 ± 5.8; ES = 0.21). There were no between-system differences for max ventilation, tidal volume, respiration rate, carbon dioxide production, or respiratory exchange ratio. The intra-class correlation (ICC) and regression slope between the two systems showed excellent agreement (ICC: 0.95; r-squared = 0.94; p = 0.0001; SEE = 1.4 mls • kg-1 • min-1). During submaximal exercise, no statistical between-system differences were observed. The intra-class correlation (ICC) and regression slope between the two systems showed excellent agreement (ICC: 0.92; r-squared = 0.937; p = 0.0001; SEE = 0.058 mls • kg-1 • min-1). There results indicate the KORR metabolic system accurately measured metabolism during both submaximal and maximal cycling.
Research ID
Citation Generator
Cite This Research Manuscript
Figures



References (APA)
- Abul-Husn, N. S., & Kenny, E. E. (2019). Personalized medicine and the power of electronic health records. Cell, 177(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.039
- American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
- Bouchard, C., An, P., Rice, T., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., Gagnon, J., Pérusse, L., Leon, A. S., & Rao, D. C. (1999). Familial aggregation of $\dot{V}\text{O}_2\text{max}$ response to exercise training: Results from the HERITAGE Family Study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(3), 1003–1008. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1003
- Braig, Z. V. (2022). Personalized medicine: From diagnostic to adaptive. Biomedical Journal, 45(1), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2019.05.004
- Broeder, C. E. (2014). Metabolic testing principles for optimizing performance testing and training goals in sport and exercise. In Y. Hong (Ed.), Routledge handbook of ergonomics in sport and exercise (pp. 236–246). Routledge.
- Broeder, C. E., Brenner, M., Hofman, Z., Paijmans, I. J., Thomas, E. L., & Wilmore, J. H. (1991). The metabolic consequences of low and moderate intensity exercise with or without feeding in lean and borderline obese males. International Journal of Obesity, 15(2), 95–104. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/2040554
- Capostagno, B., Lambert, M. I., & Lamberts, R. P. (2021). Analysis of a submaximal cycle test to monitor adaptations to training: Implications for optimizing training prescription. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(4), 924–930. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003227
- Ferguson, T., Olds, T., Curtis, R., Blake, H., Crozier, A. J., Dankiw, K., Dumuid, D., Kasai, D., O'Connor, E., Virgara, R., & Maher, C. (2022). Effectiveness of wearable activity trackers to increase physical activity and improve health: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The Lancet Digital Health, 4(8), e615–e626. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00111-X
- Goetz, L. H., & Schork, N. J. (2018). Personalized medicine: Motivation, challenges, and progress. Fertility and Sterility, 109(6), 952–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.006
- Montoye, A. H. K., Vondrasek, J. D., & Hancock, J. B., 2nd. (2020). Validity and reliability of the VO2 Master Pro for oxygen consumption and ventilation assessment. International Journal of Exercise Science, 13(4), 1382–1401. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523887/
- Navalta, J. W., Stone, W. J., & Lyons, T. S. (2019). Ethical issues relating to scientific discovery in exercise science. International Journal of Exercise Science, 12(1), 1–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523901/
- Nieman, D. C., Austin, M. D., Benezra, L., Pearce, S., McInnis, T., Unick, J., & Gross, S. J. (2006). Validation of Cosmed's FitMate in measuring oxygen consumption and estimating resting metabolic rate. Research in Sports Medicine, 14(2), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620600651512
- Nieman, D. C., Austin, M. D., Chilcote, S. M., & Benezra, L. (2005). Validation of a new handheld device for measuring resting metabolic rate and oxygen consumption in children. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 15(2), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.15.2.186
- Nieman, D. C., Austin, M. D., Dew, D., & Utter, A. C. (2013). Validity of COSMED's Quark CPET mixing chamber system in evaluating energy metabolism during aerobic exercise in healthy male adults. Research in Sports Medicine, 21(2), 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2012.757227
- Ross, R., Blair, S. N., Arena, R., Church, T. S., Després, J.-P., Franklin, B. A., Haskell, W. L., Kaminsky, L. A., Levine, B. D., Lavie, C. J., Myers, J., Niebauer, J., Sallis, R., Sawada, S. S., Sui, X., & Wisløff, U. (2016). Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: A case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 134(24), e653–e699. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000461
- Shei, R. J., Holder, I. G., Oumsang, A. S., Paris, B. A., & Paris, H. L. (2022). Wearable activity trackers—advanced technology or advanced marketing? European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(9), 1975–1990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-04951-1
- Singh, B., Zopf, E. M., & Howden, E. J. (2022). Effect and feasibility of wearable physical activity trackers and pedometers for increasing physical activity and improving health outcomes in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 11(2), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2021.07.008
- Swainson, M. G., Ingle, L., & Carroll, S. (2019). Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of short-term and lifetime estimated cardiovascular disease risk. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 29(9), 1402–1413. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13468
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 37(1), 153–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01054-8
- Tsekouras, Y. E., Tambalis, K. D., Sarras, S. E., Antoniou, A. K., Kokkinos, P., & Sidossis, L. S. (2019). Validity and reliability of the new portable metabolic analyzer PNOE. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 1, Article 24. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2019.00024
- Vandarakis, D., Salacinski, A. J., & Broeder, C. E. (2013). A comparison of COSMED metabolic systems for the determination of resting metabolic rate. Research in Sports Medicine, 21(2), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2012.757226
- World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053